![]() Near the anterior root of the zygomatic process is the articular tubercle, just posterior to which is the glenoid fossa, where the temporomandibular joint resides. Posteromedial to the glenoid fossa is the petrotympanic fissure which transmits the chorda tympani and the tympanic branch of the maxillary artery. The tympanic portion of the temporal bone includes the external auditory meatus. When looking into the external auditory meatus in a bony preparation, normally covered by the tympanic membrane, features of the medial wall of the tympanic cavity can be visualized the fenestra vestibuli (oval window), which is covered by the footplate of the stapes bone, and the fenestra cochleae (round window), which is covered by the secondary tympanic membrane. Each articulates with the zygomatic bone (zygomaticotemporal suture), sphenoid bone (sphenosquamosal suture), parietal bone (parietosquamous suture), and occipital bone (occipitomastoid suture). Understanding the anatomy of the temporal bone is critical to a number of open skull base approaches. A number of critical neurovascular structures, namely, the lower seven cranial nerves and the major vessels to and from the brain, traverse the temporal bone.Įxternally, the squamous portion of the temporal bone is smooth and provides attachment for the temporalis fascia and muscle at the superior and inferior temporal lines, respectively. The zygomatic process, which has an anterior and posterior root, extends anteriorly and articulates with the zygomatic bone. The temporal bones are divided into the squamosal, mastoid, tympanic, styloid, and petrous segments.
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